Building resilience to climate change: Examining the impact of agro‐ecological zones and social groups on sustainable development

Nepal is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change, which negatively affecting agricultural production and food security. However, role agro-ecological zones social groups in change adaptation (CCA) its impact on smallholder farmers remains unexplored. To fill this gap, study aimed identify effect farmers' using multivariate probit model. Multistage sampling was used collect data from 400 households three Nepal. These were highland (mountainous region), midland (hilly region) lowland (terai/plain region). The results our showed that Mountain region are more likely adopt off-farm activities temporary migration as a CCA strategy than those Terai/plain zone. In Terai/Plain, mainly small-scale irrigation agroforestry. terms groups, Brahmin group new crop varieties Sudra group. preferred Brahmins. Our shows policies promote adoption strategies need take into account location differences order improve adaptive capacity farmers. support adapt sustain agriculture.